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Proline (abbreviated as Pro or P), chemical formula C5H9NO2, molecular weight 115.13, is a ring of amino acids. α -amino acid, neutral, isoelectric point of 6.30, water solubility is greater than any amino acid, at 25℃ 100g water soluble about 162 g. Deliquescent, not easy to crystallize, sweet. The yellow compound was formed by co-heating with ninhydrin solution. Once in the peptide chain, hydroxylation occurs, resulting in the formation of 4-hydroxyproline, which is an important component of animal collagen. Hydroxyproline is also present in many plant proteins, especially in cell wall formation. Plants often accumulate proline under drought, high temperature, low temperature, salt and other stresses. It is widely used in clinical, biological materials, industry and so on.

Proline comes in three forms: DL-proline, L-proline and D-proline. The commonly known proline is L-proline, a naturally occurring amino acid, which is columnar crystal at room temperature. Decompose rapidly when heated to 215-220℃. Soluble in hot water and ethanol. Slightly sweet and hygroscopic. Racemization in an alkaline solution. [α]D25-86.5°(water), -60.4°(5N hydrochloric acid). Distributed in a variety of proteins. It is a medium amino acid in Marine plankton. It's also found in seawater, particulate matter and Marine sediments.

Compound amino acid one of the raw materials for large infusion. Used for protein supplement after malnutrition, protein deficiency, severe gastrointestinal diseases, scald and surgery. No obvious toxic and side effects.

Proline (Pro) is one of the components of plant protein, and can exist widely in plants in free state. Proline accumulates in many plants under drought and salt stress. The accumulated proline plays an important role in stabilizing macromolecular structure, reducing cell acidity, removing ammonia toxicity and regulating cell REDOX as an energy reservoir in addition to osmotic regulation in plant cytoplasm.

In the organism, proline is not just an ideal osmotic regulation substances, but also can be used as protection of material of membrane and enzymes and free radical scavenger, to protect the growth of plants under osmotic stress, with potassium ion of another important osmotic regulation substances and accumulate in the vacuoles, proline can play a role in regulating the cytoplasm osmotic balance again.

Proline and its derivatives are commonly used as symmetric catalysts in organic reactions, notably the reduction of CBS and the catalytic condensation of proline with hydroxyaldehydes.

When brewed, the protein is rich in proline, which binds to polyphenols and produces haze (turbidity).

Synthetic raw materials for bile ester inhibitors.

Flavoring agent, coheated with sugar amino - hydrogen reaction, can produce substances with special fragrance.